Which group dynamic can lead to panic during an emergency?

A group of strangers can lead to panic during an emergency due to several psychological factors. When individuals who do not know each other are faced with a crisis, uncertainty and fear can escalate quickly. Strangers may be less likely to communicate effectively or coordinate their actions, which can create confusion and higher levels of anxiety. This lack of familiarity often results in distrust and hesitancy, as individuals may not feel comfortable relying on one another for guidance or support.

In contrast, familiar individuals or well-organized teams are more likely to act cohesively, sharing information and providing reassurance, which can help mitigate feelings of panic. The presence of calm individuals with exit plans fosters a sense of security and order, further preventing the emotional contagion that can lead to panic. Thus, the dynamics of unfamiliarity and the absence of established relationships contribute significantly to the likelihood of panic during emergencies.